Heikki mannilas papers at the university of helsinki. Change in the form of different technology requires change in mining method until the best match is achieved. For each mining method, two models are available along with an instruction manual. Backfilling techniques and materials in underground.
Underground mines are more expensive and are often used to reach deeper deposits. As the well is being drilled, formation fluid flows into the wellbore. The mining rate is greater than 20,000 tonnes per day tpd but is usually much greater. Mining methods for s teeply dipping and massive deposits self supported methods sublevel caving block caving induced block caving sublevel stoping undercut and fill stoping squareset stoping cutandfill stoping shrinkage stoping with caving of overburden without caving of overburden supported methods large. Mining act 2006 act 703 of ghana defines small scale gold mining operation as the mining of gold by any effective and efficient method. The core concept is the cluster, which is a grouping of similar. From a drill chamber in waste rock below the ore, we drill a series of overlapping holes up through the ore zone and collect the falling ore from. The room and pillar method is often used to mine smaller coal blocks or thin seams, and seam recovery ranges from 35% to 70%, with higher seam recovery rates applicable where retreat mining is combined with room and pillar mining. Data mining using rapidminer by william murakamibrundage mar.
Underhand cut and fill mining methods are used at the lucky friday, stillwater, and galena mines in the western us in an effort to safely mine in difficult ground conditions and as a primary mining method where access below the ore is limited. The first, and most generally used in the earlier years of coal mining, was the room or bord and pillar method of extraction and the second is the longwall method, which was used in the collieries of cape breton most recently. Pickering sandvik mining and construction conventional mining is an excellent match of mining method and equipment. Mining techniques videos minemaster torquematic mine utility vehicles and personnel carriers this video shows the minemaster torquematic mine utility vehicles which are equipped with various features such as protective operator guards, canmetcertified diesel engines, non slip 3point access on all entry points for improved safety, walkthrough. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss surface mining methods and equipment j. Underbalanced drilling is a procedure used to drill oil and gas wells where the pressure in the wellbore is kept lower than the fluid pressure in the formation being drilled. Although svm presents promising generalization performance, its training process does not scale well as the size of the training data increases 2. Increasing mechanization has resulted in an increasing production in the amount of the fine coal. We divide the process of news video mining into three steps. Placer mining is used to sift out valuable metals from sediments in river channels, beach sands, or other environments.
Data mining using rapidminer by william murakamibrundage. Modern mines require ever faster development methods. Mining methods for s teeply dipping and massive deposits 2. Overhand cut and fill mining method is used in steeply dipping ore bodies in strata having a relatively weak strength and comparatively high grade ore. Production mining is further broken down into two methods, long hole and short hole. This section of the site allows users to download models for the mining methods.
All influencing factors, as size, shape, position, nature and grade of an orebody, and character of the enclosing walls, are fully considered before the method of extraction is decided. Dec 05, 2008 plotmaker mining methods blackout day presentation 5 th december 2008 venkat m. Underground mining methods study guide by fransterz includes 16 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Plotmaker mining methods blackout day presentation 5 th december 2008 venkat m. In this method, a face of considerable length a long face or wall is maintained, and as the mining progresses, the overlying. Mining method, surface mining, open pit mining, open cast mining, placer mining, solution mining, leaching, stripping rati o, mining machinery, excavation, cutting, grading, loading, ditching contents 1. These general mining practices have been described by kukla et al. The expression existing economic conditions deserves an explanation. The specific principle of the backfill mining method with the highwatercontent. Throughout this paper, we consider a \loader to be any type of high productivity excavating equipment, which may include a mining loader, shovel or excavator. Jul 21, 2016 the method offering the most reasonable and optimized combination of safety, economics, and mining recovery is then chosen. The hazardous nature of small scale underground mining in. The birdinhand gold mine will be developed utilising conventional drill and blast mining methods to progress a tunnel to the ore. Mining impacts additionally, search using parenthesis to look for the exact words in a specific order, such as.
It discusses the ev olutionary path of database tec hnology whic h led up to the need for data mining, and the imp ortance of its application p oten tial. The other underground mining method commonly used in the united states is the longwall mining method. Subsidence of the surface normally occurs afterward. Securing the mining rights lead to the mining activities that commenced on august,12th 2011. Some pits operate at a rate of more than 100,000 tpd. Reflecting the importance of ground support, underground mining methods are categorized in three classes on the basis of the extent of support required.
Further, a robust method for estimating parameters in the logistic regression was proposed. Early miners employed crude methods of ground control, ventilation, haulage, hoisting, lighting, and rock breakage. Figure 4mining method analysis and optimization mining method analysis a modelling approach in order to accurately model and compare each mining method a block of ground of a typical anglo american platinum shaft was used. Mining methods for s teeply dipping and massive deposits self supported methods sublevel caving block caving induced block caving sublevel stoping undercut and fill stoping squareset stoping cutandfill stoping shrinkage stoping with caving of overburden without caving of overburden supported methods large open. The mineralized rock at donlin gold would require multiple steps in processing to extract the gold. Economic value of the ore and grade distribution within the deposit.
This paper puts forward a data mining method combining attributeoriented induction, information gain, and decision tree, which is suitable for preprocessing financial data and constructing decision tree model for financial distress prediction. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Runof mine ore is a mix of valuable minerals and worthless rock in which each. Besides, the selected method should enable the obtaining of the maximum. Openpit mining methods are applicable to mining ore deposits that apex at or near the surface. Both methods are well suited to extracting the relatively flat coalbeds or coal seams typical of. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep. Mining methods below is a typical example of a mining method used to excavate bentonite from a farm in the kinderwys block. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. In cut and fill mining method, as the mined voids are backfilled with waste rock or tailings, the surface subsidence due to mining operation can be. Acm sigkdd knowledge discovery in databases home page. In this paper, we propose a novel news video mining method based on statistical analysis and visualization. The basic arc hitecture of data mining systems is describ ed, and a brief in tro duction to the concepts of database systems and data w arehouses is giv en. Mining method selection by multiple criteria decision.
Shinichi morishitas papers at the university of tokyo. Pillar design and extraction methodology for multiseam workings and. Longwall mining is a caving method particularly well adapted to horizontal seams, usually coal, at some depth. The method has evolved at each mine to meet the unique situations associated with their milling procedure. Making the data mean more download this chapter from data mining techniques, third edition, by gordon linoff and michael berry, and learn how to create derived variables, which allow the statistical modeling process to incorporate human insights. Strength of the hanging wall, footwall, and ore body. Excavated rock is taken to the surface with gold ore taken to strathalbyn and rock without gold mullock is stored on the surface before being progressively returned to.
Event detection in videos using data mining techniques. The ultimate goals of mining method selection are to maximize company profit, maximize recovery of the mineral resources and provide a safe environment for the miners by selecting the method with the least problems among the feasible alternatives. The removal of this material is known as stripping. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. Clustering can be performed with pretty much any type of organized or semiorganized data set, including text, documents, number sets, census or demographic data, etc. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st edition.
Chapter download from data mining techniques 3rd edition. A new mining method 04 introduction the mining methods used in open cut coal strip mining in most major coal producing countries have been well established and fairly consistent over the past few decades. Yamatomi encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Caving methods of mining are varied and versatile and involve caving the ore andor the overlying rock. Team lead minex, india slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The strippingpit limits must be extended beyond the limits of the ore pit to provide a bench, and the pit. If the deposit apexes below the surface, the overburden and barren capping overlying the ore must be removed in advance of openpit mining. Work leading up to the selection of appropriate disposal concepts and means of achieving safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel has involved examination of a wide range. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to. The method of extracting the ore is dependent upon the nature of the ore occurrence. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. This animated video shows us the underbalanced drilling method, or ubd. This is especially true of todays longwall coal operations which have an enormous appetite for fast drivage, but the hard rock sector too is. Cs349 taught previously as data mining by sergey brin.
Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are. Particularly it propose a novel robust method of hierarchical cluster analysis, which is a popular data mining method of unsupervised learning. Mining methods generally speaking, there are two main methods of extracting coal from a seam. The area has been classified as the best bentonite development in the southern hemisphere. Properties and application of backfill materials in coal mines in china. Clustering is a data mining method that analyzes a given data set and organizes it based on similar attributes. One model evaluates instope productivity while the other globally evaluates the stope, including development. Surface mines are typically used for more shallow and less valuable deposits. Mineralized rock is first crushed, then ground in large mills to create a fine, siltlike powder.
In this evaluation we consider the relation of these methods with different data mining techniques in an analytical manner. The mining method learn about the multiple steps that the mineralized rock at donlin gold would require during processing to extract the gold. A news video mining method based on statistical analysis. From a drill chamber in waste rock below the ore, we drill a series of overlapping holes up through the ore zone and collect the falling ore from a chute in the extraction chamber. Mining method selection is one of the most critical and problematic activities of mining engineering.
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